Nceda ukhangele kuluhlu lwamagama, olubonelela ngeenkcazelo ezifikelelekayo zawona magama asetyenziswa kakhulu kwiukukhanya, uyilo kunye noyilo.Amagama, ii-acronyms, kunye ne-nomenclature zichazwa ngendlela eqondwa luninzi lwabayili bokukhanyisa.
Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi nkcazo zinokuthi zijonge kwaye zisebenze kuphela njengesikhokelo.
A
Ukukhanya kwe-accent: Uhlobo lokukhanya olusetyenziselwa ukutsala ingqalelo okanye ukugxininisa into ethile okanye isakhiwo.
Ulawulo oluguqukayo: Izixhobo ezinjengezinzwa ezishukumayo, iidimmers kunye nezibali-xesha ezisetyenziswa nesibane sangaphandle ukutshintsha ubunzulu bokukhanya okanye ubude bexesha.
Ukukhanya kwendawo: Inqanaba lokukhanya ngokubanzi kwisithuba.
Angstrom: Ubude beyunithi yeastronomical, 10-10 yeemitha okanye 0.1 nanometer.
B
Baffle: Into eguquguqukayo okanye i-opaque esetyenziselwa ukufihla umthombo wokukhanya ekubonweni.
Ballast: Isixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukuqalisa nokusebenza isibane ngokubonelela ngevoltheji, yangoku kunye/okanye i-waveform efunekayo.
Ukusasazeka kweBeam: Iengile phakathi kwamacala amabini kwinqwelomoya apho ubunzulu bulingana nepesenteji ethile yobukhulu obukhulu, budla ngokuba yi-10%.
Ukuqaqamba: Ubunzulu bemvakalelo ebangelwa kukujongwa komphezulu okhupha ukukhanya.
Ibhalbhu okanye isibane: Umthombo wokukhanya.Indibano yonke iya kwahlulwa (jonga i-luminaire).Ibhalbhu kunye nendlu zihlala zibizwa ngokuba sisibane.
C
Candela: Iyunithi yokuqina.Candela: Iyunithi yokuqina okukhanyayo.Ngaphambili yayisaziwa njengekhandlela.
Ijika lokuhambisa amandla ekhandlela(ekwabizwa ngokuba licebo lokusasaza amandla ekhandlela): Le yigrafu yokwahluka kokukhanya kokukhanya okanye ukukhanya.
Amandla ekhandlela: Ubunzulu obukhanyayo obubonakaliswe kwiCandelas.
CIE: IKomishoni yamazwe ngamazwe e-Eclairage.IKhomishini yokuKhanya yeHlabathi.Uninzi lwemigangatho yokukhanyisa ibekwe yikomishini yokukhanya yamazwe ngamazwe.
I-Coefficient yokusetyenziswa - CU: Umlinganiselo we-luminous flux (lumens), efunyenwe yi-luminaire "kwi-workplane" [indawo apho ukukhanya kufuneka khona], kwii-lumens ezikhutshwa yi-luminaire.
Unikezelo lombala: Isiphumo somthombo wokukhanya kwinkangeleko yemibala yezinto xa ithelekiswa nenkangeleko yazo xa ibekwe kukukhanya okuqhelekileyo kwemini.
Isalathiso soBonelelo soMbala CRI: Umlinganiselo wendlela echanekileyo yomthombo wokukhanya oneCCT ethile eyenza imibala xa kuthelekiswa nomthombo wesalathiso kunye neCCT efanayo.I-CRI yexabiso eliphezulu inika ukukhanya okungcono kumanqanaba afanayo okanye aphantsi okukhanyisa.Akufanele udibanise izibane ezineeCCT okanye ii-CRI ezahlukeneyo.Xa kuthengwa izibane, cacisa zombini iCCT kunye ne-CRI.
Iicones kunye neentonga: Amaqela angeva kukukhanya kweeseli ezifumaneka kwiretina yamehlo ezilwanyana.Iicones zilawula xa ukukhanya kuphezulu kwaye zibonelela ngombono wombala.Iinduku zinamandla kumanqanaba asezantsi okukhanya kodwa aziboneleli ngombala obalulekileyo.
Conspicuity: Ukukwazi komqondiso okanye umyalezo wokuma kwimvelaphi yawo ngendlela enokuthi ibonwe lula ngeso.
Ubushushu boMbala onxibeleleneyo (CCT): Umlinganiselo wokufudumala okanye ukuphola kokukhanya kwiidigri zeKelvin (degK).Izibane ezineCCT ngaphantsi kwe-3,200 degrees Kelvin zibhekwa zifudumele.Izibane ezineCCT ezingaphezu kwe-4,00 degK zibonakala zimhlophe-bluish.
Umthetho weCosine: Ukukhanya kumphezulu kutshintsha njenge-engile ye-cosine yokukhanya kwesiganeko.Unokudibanisa isikwere esichasayo kunye nemithetho ye-cosine.
I-Angle yokusika: I-engile yokunqunyulwa kwe-luminaire yi-engile elinganiswa ukusuka kwi-nadir yayo.Ngokuthe tye phantsi, phakathi kwe-axis ethe nkqo ye-luminaire kunye nomgca wokuqala apho i-bulb okanye isibane singabonakali.
Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo: I-IES ichaza i-cutoff fixture ngokuthi "Ukuqina ngaphezu kwe-90deg ngokuthe tye, akukho ngaphezulu kwe-2.5% ye-lumens yesibane kwaye akukho ngaphezulu kwe-10% yesibane esikhanyisa ngaphezu kwe-80deg".
D
Ukuziqhelanisa nobumnyama: Inkqubo apho iliso liziqhelanisa nezikhanyiso ngaphantsi kwe 0.03 candela (0.01 footlambert) nge square meter nganye.
I-Diffuser: Into esetyenziselwa ukusasaza ukukhanya ukusuka kwindawo yokukhanyisa.
Dimmer: Ii-Dimmers zinciphisa iimfuno zokufakelwa kwamandla ezibane ze-fluorescent kunye nezibane ze-incandescent.Izibane ze-Fluorescent zifuna ii-ballasts ezikhethekileyo ezimnyama.Iibhalbhu ze-incandescent zilahlekelwa ukusebenza kakuhle xa zimnyama.
UkuKhanya kokukhubazeka: Ukukhazimla okunciphisa ukubonakala kunye nokusebenza.Inokukhatshwa kukungakhululeki.
Ilitha elingathandekiyo: Ilitha elibangela ukungakhululeki kodwa akunciphisi ukusebenza okubonakalayo.
E
Ukusebenza kakuhle: Ikhono lenkqubo yokukhanyisa ukufezekisa iziphumo ezifunwayo.Ukulinganisa kwi-lumens / watt (lm / W), lo ngumlinganiselo phakathi kokuphuma kokukhanya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Ukusebenza kakuhle: Umlinganiselo wemveliso okanye impumelelo yenkqubo xa kuthelekiswa negalelo layo.
I-electromagnetic spectrum (EM): Unikezelo lwamandla akhutshwa kumthombo oqaqambileyo ngokolandelelwano lwamaza okanye amaza obude.Bandakanya imitha ye-gamma, i-X-reyi, i-ultraviolet, ebonakalayo, i-infrared kunye ne-radio wavelengths.
Amandla (amandla aqaqambileyo): iyunithi yijoule okanye erg.
F
Ukukhanya kwe-facade: Ukukhanya kwesakhiwo sangaphandle.
Ulungiso: Indibano ebambe isibane ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokukhanyisa.Ukulungiswa kubandakanya zonke iinqununu ezilawula ukukhanya kokukhanya, kubandakanywa i-reflector, i-refractor, i-ballast, indlu kunye neendawo zokunamathisela.
Ukulungiswa kweLumens: Ukukhanya kwemveliso yokukhanya emva kokuba kuqhutywe yi-optics.
IiWatts zokulungisa: Amandla ewonke asetyenziswa sisibane sokukhanya.Oku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngezibane kunye ne-ballasts.
Isibane sesikhukula: Isibane esilungiselelwe “ukukhukula”, okanye ukukhukula, indawo echaziweyo enokukhanya.
I-Flux (ukuhamba okukhazimlayo): Iyunithi ingaba ziiwatts okanye ierg/sec.
Ikhandlela leenyawo: Ukukhanya kumphezulu oveliswe ngumthombo wenqaku okhutshwa ngokufanayo kwikhandlela enye.
Footlambert (isibane seenyawo): I-avareji yokukhanya kwendawo ekhuphayo okanye ebonisayo ngesantya se-lumen e-1 kwisikwere semitha.
Uluhlu olupheleleyo: Ngokwe-IES, olu luqilima olunobuninzi be-10% yesibane se-lumens ngaphezu kwe-80 degrees.
Umzobo oKhuselekileyo oKhuselweyo: Indawo engavumeli nayiphi na into ekhutshwayo ukuba idlule kuyo ngaphezu kwenqwelomoya ethe tye.
G
Ilitha: Ukumfamekisa, ukukhanya okunamandla okunciphisa ukubonakala.Ukukhanya okuqaqambe ngakumbi kwindawo yokujonga kunokukhanya okulungisiweyo kweliso.
H
ISIbane esifihliweyo: Ukukhanya okukhutshiweyo (amandla) kwisibane sokukhupha kuveliswa xa umbane wombane udlula kwigesi.I-Mercury, i-metal halide kunye nezibane ze-sodium ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ziyimizekelo ye-High-intensity Discharge (HID).Ezinye izibane zokukhupha ziquka i-fluorescent kunye ne-LPS.Ezinye zezi zibane zigqunywe ngaphakathi ukuguqula amandla athile e-ultraviolet ekuphumeni kwegesi kwimveliso ebonakalayo.
HPS (High-Pressure Sodium) isibane: Isibane se-HID esivelisa i-radiation evela kumphunga wesodium phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu.(100 Torr) I-HPS ngokusisiseko “yi-point-source”.
Indlu-icala ikhaka: Isixhobo se-opaque kwaye sisetyenziswe kwisibane sokukhanya ukwenzela ukukhusela ukukhanya ekukhanyeni kwikhaya okanye kwesinye isakhiwo.
I
Ukukhanya: Ubuninzi besiganeko sokuqukuqela okukhanyayo kumphezulu.Iyunithi likhandlela leenyawo (okanye lux).
IES/IESNA (Umbutho woBunjineli obuKhanyisayo waseMntla Melika): Intlangano yobuchwephesha beenjineli zokukhanyisa ezivela kubavelisi kunye nezinye iingcali ezibandakanyekayo ekukhanyeni.
Isibane se-Incandescente: Ukukhanyisa kuveliswa xa i-filament ifudunyezwa ngumsinga wombane ukuya kubushushu obuphezulu.
Imitha ye-infrared: Uhlobo lwemitha ye-electromagnetic enobude obude kunokukhanya okubonakalayo.Isuka kumda obomvu woluhlu olubonakalayo kwi-700 nanometers ukuya kwi-1 mm.
Ukuqina: Ubungakanani okanye iqondo lamandla okanye ukukhanya.
I-International Dark-Sky Association, Inc.: Eli qela lingenzi nzuzo lijolise ekukhuliseni ulwazi malunga nokubaluleka kwesibhakabhaka esimnyama kunye nesidingo sokukhanyisa ngaphandle komgangatho ophezulu.
Umthetho we-Inverse-square: Ubunzulu bokukhanya kwindawo enikiweyo buhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nomgama wawo ukusuka kwindawo yomthombo, d.E = mna/d2
J
K
Kilowatt-yure (kWh): I-Kilowatts yi-1000 watts yamandla asebenza iyure.
L
UBomi besibane: Umndilili wobude bobomi bohlobo oluthile lwesibane.Isibane esiqhelekileyo siya kuhlala ixesha elide kunesiqingatha sezibane.
I-LED: I-diode ekhupha ukukhanya
Ungcoliseko lokukhanya: naziphi na iziphumo ezibi zokukhanya okwenziweyo.
Umgangatho wokukhanya: Lo ngumlinganiselo wenduduzo kunye nombono owenziwe ngumntu ngokusekelwe ekukhanyeni.
Ukuchitheka kokukhanya: Ukuchitheka okungafunwayo okanye ukuvuza kokukhanya kwiindawo ezikufutshane, okunokubangela umonakalo kwizamkeli ezinovakalelo ezifana nezakhiwo zokuhlala kunye neziza ze-ikholoji.
Ukugqitha ukukhanya: Xa ukukhanya kuwa apho kungafunwayo okanye kungafunwayo.Ukuchitheka kokukhanya Ukukhanya okubonakalayo
Izilawuli zokukhanyisa: Izixhobo ezimnyama okanye ezilayita izibane.
IiSensoli zeFotocell: Iinzwa ezitshintsha okanye zicime izibane ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lokukhanya kwendalo.Imowudi ehambele phambili kakhulu inokuncipha kancinci kancinci okanye inyuse ukukhanya.Bona kwakhona: Izilawuli eziguqukayo.
Isibane soxinzelelo oluphantsi lweSodium (LPS): Ukukhanya okukhuphayo apho ukukhanya kuveliswa yimitha ye-sodium vapor phantsi koxinzelelo oluncinci oluncinci (malunga ne-0.001 Torr).Isibane se-LPS sibizwa ngokuba yi-“tube-source”.Kuyinto monochromatic.
Lumen: Iyunithi yokuguquguquka okukhanyayo.I-flux eveliswa ngumthombo wenqaku elilodwa elikhupha ubunzima obufanayo be-candela e-1.
Lumen ukuhla kwexabiso: Ukukhutshwa kokukhanya kwe-luminaire kuncipha ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwesibane, ukuqokelelwa kokungcola kunye nezinye izinto.
Luminaire: Iyunithi yokukhanyisa yonke, ebandakanya izixhobo, ii-ballasts kunye nezibane.
Ubuchule bokukhanya kweLuminaire (Umlinganiselo wokuKhanya): Umlinganiselo phakathi komthamo wokukhanya okhutshwa kwi-luminaire kunye nokukhanya okuveliswa zizibane ezivaliweyo.
Ukukhanya: Inqaku kwicala elithile kunye nobunzulu bokukhanya obuveliswa kwelo cala sisiqalelo esijikeleze indawo leyo, sahlulwe yindawo eqikelelweyo sisiqalelo kwinqwelomoya enxusene necala.Iiyunithi: amakhandlela ngokweyunithi yendawo.
Lux: Ilume enye kwisikwere semitha.Iyunithi yokukhanyisa.
M
Isibane seMercury: Isibane esifihlakeleyo esivelisa ukukhanya ngokukhupha imitha kumphunga wemekyuri.
Isibane se-Metal-halide (HID): Isibane esivelisa ukukhanya ngokusebenzisa i-metal-halide radiation.
Ukunyuka ukuphakama: Ubude besibane okanye isixhobo esiphezu komhlaba.
N
Nadir: Inqaku leglowubhu yesibhakabhaka elichasana ngokudayametri kwi-zenith, kwaye ngokuthe ngqo ngaphantsi kombonisi.
Nanometer: Iyunithi ye-nanometer yi-10-9 yeemitha.Idla ngokusetyenziswa ukubonisa ubude bobude kwi-EM spectrum.
O
Izivamvo zokuhlala
* I-infrared engabonakaliyo: Inkqubo yokulawula izibane esebenzisa imiqadi yokukhanya kwe-infrared ukubona intshukumo.Inzwa yenza inkqubo yokukhanyisa isebenze xa imiqadi ye-infrared iphazanyiswa yintshukumo.Emva kwexesha elibekiweyo, inkqubo iya kucima izibane ukuba akukho ntshukumo ifunyenweyo.
* Ultrasonic: Le yinkqubo yokulawula ukukhanyisa esebenzisa i-high-frequency sound pulses ukubona ukunyakaza ngokusebenzisa ukuqonda okunzulu.I-sensor ivula inkqubo yokukhanyisa xa ukuphindaphinda kwamaza omsindo kutshintsha.Inkqubo iya kucima izibane emva kwexesha elithile ngaphandle kokunyakaza.
Optic: Iinxalenye zesikhanyiso, njengezibonakalisi kunye nezichasi ezenza icandelo elikhupha ukukhanya.
P
Ifotoometry: Umlinganiselo wobungakanani bamanqanaba okukhanya kunye nokusabalalisa.
Photocell: Isixhobo esizitshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo ukuqaqamba kwesikhanyiso ekuphenduleni amanqanaba okukhanya okujikeleze kuso.
Q
Umgangatho wokukhanya: Umlinganiselo ozimeleyo wezinto ezilungileyo kunye nezingalunganga zofakelo lokukhanyisa.
R
IiReflectors: I-Optics elawula ukukhanya ngokubonakalisa (usebenzisa izibuko).
I-Refractor (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-lens): Isixhobo sokukhanya esilawula ukukhanya sisebenzisa i-refraction.
S
Isiqingatha se-semi-cutoff: Ngokwe-IES, "Ukuqina ngaphezu kwe-90deg ngokuthe tye akukho ngaphezu kwe-5% kwaye kwi-80deg okanye ngaphezulu akukho ngaphezu kwe-20%.
Ukukhusela: I-opaque yezinto eziphathekayo ezithintela ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya.
I-Skyglow: Ukukhanya okusasazekayo esibhakabhakeni okubangelwa yimithombo yokukhanya esasazekileyo evela emhlabeni.
Ubungakanani bomthombo: Lo bubunzulu bomthombo ngamnye, kwicala elinokuthi libe yinto ephazamisayo kwaye ngaphandle kwendawo ukuba ilayishwe.
Ukukhanya: Indawo yokukhanyisa eyenzelwe ukukhanyisa indawo echazwe kakuhle, encinci.
Ukukhanya okulahlekileyo: Ukukhanya okukhutshiweyo kunye nokuwela ngaphandle kwendawo efunwayo okanye efunekayo.Ityala elilula.
T
UkuKhanya komsebenzi: Ukukhanyisa komsebenzi kusetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa imisebenzi ethile ngaphandle kokukhanyisa indawo yonke.
U
Ukukhanya kwe-Ultraviolet: Uhlobo lwemitha ye-electromagnetic radiation ene-wavelengths phakathi kwe-400 nm kunye ne-100 nm.Lifutshane kunokukhanya okubonakalayo, kodwa lide kune-X reyi.
V
Ukukhanya kwesigqubuthelo (VL): Ukukhanya okuveliswa yimithombo eqaqambileyo ebekwe ngaphezulu kumfanekiso weso, ukunciphisa umahluko kunye nokubonakala.
Ukubonakala: Iqondwe ngeliso.Ukubona ngokukhawuleza.Injongo yokukhanyisa ebusuku.
W
IWallpack: I-luminaire edla ngokudityaniswa kwicala okanye ngasemva kwesakhiwo sokukhanyisa ngokubanzi.
X
Y
Z
Zenith: Inqaku “phezulu” okanye ngokuthe ngqo “ngaphezulu”, indawo ethile kwiglowubhu yengqikelelo yesibhakabhaka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-02-2023
